Assignment On Erickson Model

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Human beings have personality traits that usually come in opposites. We take ourselves to be either optimists or pessimists, passive or aggressiveetc.Most of these traits are usually inborn but in life there are some other traits that are formed or learned through life experiences. Erick Erickson took a great step to explain this. He was aware that culture has a great influence on behaviour of persons. He believed that development course is usually determined by genetic programming, our mind and culture. He came up with a model where he organised life in eight models. His philosophy rests in two assumptions that the world gets bigger as one grows and also that failure is cumulative. In this assignment I will look at my personal life and the stage that I am in according to Erickson model. (Erickson 1959).

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Currently am in the young adulthood developmental stage. I am having the feelings that at this moment of my life I feel the need to engage in mature relationships both socially and economically. Socially I feel I need to engage in an intimate relationship that would lead to marriage and creation of a family. In economic relationships I feel I need to associate with people who are in a position to assist me to become economically stable. I feel am experiencing a crisis between my social life and the economic life. As a young adult I feel I need to be financially stable in order to be able to run a family. This is not yet forthcoming causing some tensions in my life. I feel isolated because I am not sure if I will get a marriage partner if am not financially stable. There is also some isolation from other friends as at this stage of life there should be a mutual relationship between me and my friend but because of hardship am going through in trying to sort myself out of the crises the intimacy that existed between me and my friends is declining

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Everybody at this stage should remain focused as this is the stage where one is laying foundation of both the social and economic life. Having a right focus will allow one to select good friends and also mature in financial management. This is also the stage where one is establishing identity. By this one is in a position to form relationships with great commitments.On my side I feel am struggling but despite this am succeeding in accomplishing the task of being economically stable and building a strong relationship that will lead to marriage. I am not being pulled down by the crisis I am remaining focused in all my duties. Am engaging in various tasks so that I can make the financial ends to meet. On the social life I have done my best to strengthen my relationships by showing care and passion to all my friends. By this I will be in a position to have strong relationships.

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My next stage will be the middle adult hood stage which will require a lot of wisdom. I have already learned how to make big sacrifices in order for the relationships that I have to succeed. This is important to me because I am sure that for such relationships to last for life there is needed a lot of sacrifice. These sacrifices will help me to give other person a chance to play their part in the relationship. I have also learnt the skills of managing social conflicts because I understand that conflicts always occur when people are together in the family or in the society. I have also learnt financial management skills which will assist in planning of family financial budget and also will prevent my family to go through financial crisis.

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   References

Erickson, H. (1959). Identity and the Life Cycle, New York, International Universities Press. 

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Essay On Dreams In Life

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Its normal for every person to have some aspirations and dreams in life. Each and every person has dreams for what he or she would like to be or would like to see happen in the future. All these aspirations make a person to put more efforts in order to be in a position to attain those dreams. It happens that these dreams are not always attained due to many factors. Some of these factors may be man made or natural factors. Natural factors are those hindrances that we do not have control over but man made factors are those hindrances that we create ourselves or are created by other human beings.(Phillip 2000).Once I was a young boy I had an aspiration of becoming a pilot. This was due to the interests that I had developed after watching the aeroplanes fly in the air. I kept on asking my father what I was supposed to do so that I could also find myself in the air in an aeroplane. My father would always tell me that I needed to work had in class and make sure I was always number one in my class. That is exactly what I did I really worked hard in school and I was always the best pupil in my class.

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After I was through with my first level of education I  asked my teachers to guide me so that I would take a course that would make me be  a pilot. My teachers were happy to see I had a vision and so they guided me well. I passed well in my final examination. I was enrolled to do aviation in the university. The course was challenging but I always remembered the words of my father that I should always work hard and never give up. After I was through with my education in the university it was time to search for work.I visited many airlines corporations in the country trying to search for a place where my dreams would be realised. It was a tough experience but I did not despair. I searched for almost one year before I would even be invited for an interview or even receive any letter of regret.It was one Saturday I remember well when I received a call from one of the leading airlines in the country inviting me for a recruitment of assistant pilots. I was so excited because finally I had light at the end of the tunnel. My dreams were almost accomplished. Due to the experience I had with different airline services I didn’t think that I would ever fail.

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When the day of the recruitment finally came I was so confident that my career dream would be realised. We were ten who were being interviewed whereas the airline service required six assistant pilots. This gave me even more encouragement because I never thought I would miss to be among the six. I entered the interview room with confidence answered the questions well. On the practical side I felt that I had done all that was required. We were supposed to wait for the results for two days. I was so eager to hear from them. When the call came I never expected anything else except a positive response. I could not belief when the caller told me that they regret I did not qualify but I should keep on trying in future. That was the end of my aspiration it was a dream shattered. I had total confidence that I would pass but it was never to be. The outcome of this interview really affected my dreams in life because I felt so discouraged and heart broken.The most discouraging thing is that have never gotten a job in the aviation field until today and this has really taught me that its good to have dreams in life but its good to take care because great expectations make frustrated men in life.

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 References

Phillip, C. (2000). Life strategies, Doing what works, Doing what matters, Hyperion book publishers.

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 A Research Paper On Welfare

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Welfare is a system by which the government comes with policies to make it possible to make its citizens be in a position to get all the basic services and also be able  to live a good life despite their economic backgrounds. Most government will do this by supplementing the services of the private societies but does not take a full responsibility in doing this. Modern welfare states have developed through a gradual process as from the nineteenth century to the twentieth century. The modern welfare states are having a more universal coverage as compared to the latter ones. Most of the earlier welfare states had schemes which only covered areas of poverty. Social welfare was termed by sociologists as a combination of capitalism democracy and welfare.[1] There was a great reaction to the great depression which was instrumental to the formation of the welfare states in many nations. This was seen as the alternative pathway to communism and capitalism.

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In the present day welfare many states provide even cash welfare benefits for example to the unemployed and to certain groups of people e.g. the old. The states provide other services e.g. child care services or the health services. With this kind of provisions these welfare states has a lot of influence on how the people spend their time and also how they consume. Welfare systems were on the verge of developing during the Second World War. However at the end of the century many of the welfare services were offered through non governmental organisations.[2]

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Main Body

As years goes there is more need for welfare whether in medical care or other types of care. Just before industrial revolution the task of assisting the poor was given to the churches and the local communities. When most of the works began being done by machines there was a high rise in unemployement.The task of supporting these people who were rendered jobless by the industrial revolutions was taken over by the government.[3]The USA first used its public funds to assist in welfare needs of the people just shortly after the great depression.

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These welfare schemes have developed in a great deal so as to assist the families that have low income. They are provided with medicaids, food and some supplementary security income. Most of this support is usually provided by the federal government. The disabled and the elderly are also supported by these welfare schemes. Therefore as can be seen poverty is one of the main reasons why there was the rise of the welfare states. This is because poverty has great effects to the society. Welfare assists those people who would steal because of lack of the basic necessities. Here welfare acts as a way of preventing crime. There is need to protect the workers who are rendered jobless as technology grows. Consumers are assisted out of high levels of poverty hence the economy is boosted. There is usually an opposition towards this extensive welfare programmes.[4]

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Another reason for the creation of welfare states was the rise of capitalism. There reached a time when there was widespread economic insecurity and labour unrests. During these times people were supposed not to look at the government or the labour unions for their welfare. This time they had to depend on the protection that was offered by the private sectors employers against the market economy. These welfare services were created in order to encourage dedication, loyalty and increase production. These benefits varied from firm to firm and also were not consistent. Most of this benefits included company sponsored sports, health care, employee profit sharing etc.

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[5]The first reason is due to tax because everyone would enjoy having a good welfare but when people are told to support taxes then thy do not want to do so. This is because having an extensive welfare programme would mean taxes levels would also riseAnother problem which is brought about by welfare is that inside it there is usually a lot of bureaucracy. This arises because most of the times the money that is supposed to be used to help the needy ends up running the programme itself. This is where it becomes better if the needy are helped by the churches or organisations that are closer to the needy.

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 The other issue arises due to the capitalistic theories in the country. The country has been made powerful due to the culture of hard work. By using too much welfare it means then that the government will not be going away from the culture of rewarding through hardwork.This is not right as the country is what is today out of hard work. It also makes people to be little bit lazy. These welfares also arose a resistance to the government regulation of markets.[6]Another reason for the rise of welfare states I materialism which is the urge to have possessions which go beyond what one needs and some high class comforts.

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This makes once interest to go away from the normal commitments that a person has. They go beyond family and spiritual normal commitments. With all these it was possible for some families to pretend that they were poor so that they would be supported .The government did not have ways of making sure that that he people who were supported were the people who needed support. Most families would pretend to be street families but what they wanted was just to be provided with support from the government .The issue of materialism was brought about by capitalism which provided for people to poses as much as they could no matter how they got their wealth.[7]

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Capitalism also brought a lot of inequalities in the society. This made some people to be able to access common services while others could not .This also increased the gap between those who owned properties and those who did not own. This caused a big disparity among the rich and the poor.[8] With this connection the government had to come in and try to rescue the situation .It is by this that the formation of the welfare states began. The welfare states had to be established as one of their main functions is to reduce the income inequality by making transferring some income to the poor. The main aim of the welfare states was to drive everyone out of poverty. By this the poor were able to receive some upkeep income, private charity, medical care and social security.[9]Capitalism is also associated with most of the financial crisis that have occurred, due to lack of a regulatory framework for the rescue of the economy. The culture of the winner take all has been encouraged which have made some people to possess so much while others do not. This trend has made the government to realise the need to protect its citizens from the real capitalists in the economy.[10]

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Recommendations.

In much of what we have seen welfare states have come up as a result of many factors. Some of the factors that have made the creation of welfare states can be solved by the government. This can be done if the government is in a position to come up with a good and workable framework to control the economy of the country. Yes its true that it’s the duty of any government to make sure that all citizens are in a position to get all their basic needs. To a large extent most of the welfare states were created due to lack of employment due to development of technology which leads to increased poverty level.

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The government is supposed to come out with policies that would protect employees from being rendered jobless as a result of this. The government should expand other employment sectors where those people who become jobless can get an attachment instead of staying idle and depending on government welfare support.The government should also come up with a mechanism of protecting its citizens from being exploited by their employees. As can be seed capitalism encourages an individual to posses as much as one can .This makes some employers to pay their employees small amount of money so that they can be in a position to make big profits.[11]. The government should form regulatory policies to control this king of exploitation

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Conclusion.

In conclusion it can be seen that it is not only unemployment or poverty that has caused the creation of the welfare states. Capitalism has played a role in the creation of these states. Capitalism is created by man and therefore it should not be a big issue on how it can be stopped It only needs the government and the people playing part in the economic sector to come up with policies that would safeguard the citizens of the country from being put into more problems out of it. As can be noted even the issue of unemployment also has got its roots in the rise of capitalism.

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Where some employers will sack employees so that they can operate on fewer employees so that they can operate on low cost to maximise their profits. It can also be noted that welfare also creates some negative aspects in the society. One it creates a dependency syndrome where people will not worry because they know that they will be supported or they will be provided by the basic needs. Sometimes money meant for welfare is sometimes misused by the government agencies where sometimes the money used in running the welfare programme is more than the money that goes to the real person targeted. A least government should come up with strategies to make sure that there is a strong mechanism that controls these welfare programmes.

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      References

Dixon, J. and Robert, P. (2002). State of social welfare: Hyperion publishers[12].

Ebbinghaus, B. (2001). Hiring Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy and Political Economy in Europe, Japan and the USA, Routledge publishers.

Frazer, K. (2003). The Evolution of the British Welfare State: A History of the British Welfare State. Cambridge press.

Ramesh, M. (2005) "Welfare Capitalism in East Asia: Social Policy in the Tiger Economies" in Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol. 35.

Tone, A. (1997). The Business of Benevolence: Industrial Paternalism in Progressive America. Indiana university press.

Trotter, I. (2000). From Poor Law to Welfare State: A History of Social Welfare in America.Routledge publishers.

  

 Youth Sports

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In the past twenty years youth participation in sports has gradually increased. Millions of youth have been seen participating in one or more sporting activities throughout the world. Surprisingly enough children start participating in sports at an age early as from four or five years... Sports bring about all aspects of human life cognitively, emotionally, physically and socially in a simplified. Athletes learn skills that are necessary so as to shine and gain the sense of mastery and control. Sports involves youth in a exhorting, rewarding and satisfying way to participate world that most non-athletes will generally never access.

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 Advantages of youth sports

1.      They help youth achieve various sports skills and become proficient sports person..

2.       Enables youth acquire skills necessary to socialize with their peers as well as adults.

3.      Develops a positive self-image, which enables them to have a sense of achievement.

4.      They discover how comprehend and articulate imagination, emotions and appreciation for what the body can do.

5.      Youths widen agility, harmonization, fortitude, flexibility, pace and vigor

6.      Develops leadership skills and qualities among the younger generation

7.      Makes the youth to learn how to work together and compete.

8.      Helps youths develop an interest to continue with sports participation as an adult.

9.      They acquire the ability to accept responsibilities and make decisions

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Disadvantages of youth sports

1. Sports require an individual to engage in extensive training education and experience.
2. Sports emphasis majorly on team a virtue that may be difficult for independent minded individuals. (Hyman, page 6)

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Conclusion

 The benefits of youth sports can be generally classified into three major categories; physical, personal and social. This enables an individual to grow an almost all aspect of life as well as providing noticeable reimbursements. Youths should focus on the positive side and try to minimize the negative factors.

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   Reference

 Hyman, M,(2009) , Until it Hurts: American Obsession with Youth Sports, Boston: Beacon Press, page 6

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